El Filibusterismo Summary of Each Chapter (1-39)

The El Filibusterismo, or The Reign of Greed, is a novel that serves as a sequel to Noli Me Tangere. It was begun by our national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal, in Calamba, Laguna.

Parts of the novel were written in Paris, Madrid, and Biarritz, and Rizal completed the entire work in 1891.

Unlike Noli Me Tangere, which has a theme of romance, El Filibusterismo focuses more on revolution and resistance.

Rizal dedicated this novel to the three martyr priests—Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora, collectively known as GomBurZa.

Here, you can read our version of the El Filibusterismo summary of each chapter (1-39).

El Filibusterismo Summary of Each Chapter

Chapter 1: On the Upper Deck

One December morning, the steamship Tabo was navigating the winding path of the Pasig River toward Laguna. On the ship’s deck are a mix of locals, friars, and officials, divided by social hierarchy, with Europeanized passengers enjoying the upper deck while locals crowd the lower deck.

Among the upper-deck passengers are Doña Victorina, a pretentious Filipina obsessed with European standards; Don Custodio, a pompous bureaucrat; Simoun, a mysterious and influential jeweler; and various friars, including the sharp-tongued Padre Salvi and the Dominican Padre Sibyla.They were discussing plans to improve the Pasig River and projects of the Obras del Puerto.

Simoun suggested digging a straight and direct path from the start to the end of the Pasig River. The excavated soil would be used to block its former course. Simoun recommended using prisoners as laborers to save costs. If that wasn’t enough, the citizens could be forced to work without pay.

However, Don Custodio, a self-important official, disagreed with Simoun’s plan due to the potential for rebellion. Instead, he suggested compelling the residents near the Pasig River to raise ducks. The idea was that the ducks would eat snails, which would help deepen the river. Doña Victorina also opposed this idea, as she detested duck eggs.

Chapter 2: On the Lower Deck

The story moves to the lower deck of a steamer. It’s hot, noisy, and smells bad because of the engine. Most passengers are sitting quietly, some looking at the scenery, others playing cards or talking. In one corner, a group of seasick Chinese peddlers is lying down, looking very unwell.

Meanwhile, a few confident students are walking around, joking and flirting with young women. Two students, Basilio and Isagani, stand out. Basilio is a medical student known for his skills, and Isagani is a young poet. They’re talking with Capitan Basilio, a rich man who’s returning from Manila.

They discuss Capitan Tiago’s opium addiction, the difficulties of starting a Castilian academy, and how people like Padre Sibyla are against it. Despite these challenges, the students are determined to keep going with their plans.

Then, Simoun, a mysterious jeweler, joins the conversation. He makes sharp comments about the poverty of Isagani’s province and the influence of native priests. This upsets Isagani, who proudly defends his homeland. Simoun’s mysterious and condescending attitude makes Isagani uncomfortable. Later, Basilio tells Isagani that Simoun is a powerful figure, often called the “Brown Cardinal,” and has close connections to the General.

Meanwhile, Padre Florentino, Isagani’s uncle and a respected native priest, sits quietly among the passengers. He’s calm and dignified, unlike many other native priests at the time. The captain notices him and invites him to the upper deck, which shows how even among the clergy, there are social divisions.

Chapter 3: Legends

Padre Florentino encountered people on the deck laughing as they discussed the awakening of the Filipinos and the controversies surrounding church dues. Simoun arrived and expressed his regret for not witnessing the landmarks the steamboat passed. In his view, any place without a legend is unremarkable.

This prompted the Captain to share the legend of Malapad-na-Bato. According to him, it was once revered by the natives as sacred due to their belief that spirits resided there. However, when bandits began using it as a hideout, fear of spirits was replaced by fear of the bandits.

The Legend of Doña Geronima was also mentioned. In Spain, a couple were in love, but the man became an archbishop in Manila. The woman, disguised, followed her lover to Manila and demanded that he fulfill his promise to marry her. However, the archbishop decided to house her in a cave beside the Pasig River rather than marry her.

As the legend was discussed, Ben Zayb praised the tale, while Doña Victorina, envious, expressed a desire to live in a cave herself. Simoun asked Padre Salvi if it would not have been better for the woman to be placed in a convent. Padre Salvi replied that he could not judge the actions of an archbishop.

Another legend was shared—the story of San Nicolas, who saved a Chinese merchant from being attacked by crocodiles. The crocodiles were turned to stone after the merchant prayed to the saint.

When the steamboat reached the lake, Ben Zayb asked the Captain about the location where someone named Guevarra, Navarra, or Ibarra was killed. The Captain pointed out the area, and Doña Victorina even tried to look for traces of the event.

Padre Salvi mentioned that a father buried his child’s body with his own hands. Ben Zayb remarked that this was the cheapest way to bury someone, prompting laughter among the passengers. Simoun, however, remained pale and silent, which the Captain assumed was due to seasickness.

Chapter 4: Cabesang Tales

Tandang Selo was an old man who once helped Basilio when he was still a child. His son, Cabesang Tales, became a Barangay Captain and had three children: Lucia, Tano, and Juli. Lucia and Cabesang Tales’ wife died due to malaria, leaving only Tano and Juli with him.

Through hard work and perseverance, Cabesang Tales’ family prospered. He partnered with investors in farming and started a sugarcane plantation on a piece of forest land. When he discovered that the land had no owner, he continued his business. He also planned to send Juli to college so she could keep up with Basilio, her suitor.

However, when the farm flourished, the friars claimed ownership of the land and began taxing Cabesang Tales. The friars kept raising the taxes until it became unaffordable. Tales fought back by filing a case against the friars, asserting his rights in court. Yet, he lost the case due to the friars’ influence over the government.

When Cabesang Tales could no longer pay the taxes, he resorted to guarding his land. Armed with a gun, bolo, and eventually, an axe (confiscated by the friars), he stood his ground. In the end, he was abducted by bandits because they believed he had money after hiring a lawyer for his case. The bandits demanded a ransom of 500 pesos.

To pay the ransom, Juli sold her jewelry except for the gift from her boyfriend. When the money fell short, she worked as a maid in the house of Hermana Penchang. This prevented her from continuing her education.

Chapter 5: A Cochero’s Christmas Eve

On Christmas Eve, Basilio returned to San Diego as a procession took place. His journey was delayed because his coachman, Sinong, had forgotten his cedula or residence certificate and was stopped by the civil guards. Sinong was abused, beaten, and taken to the station before being allowed to leave.

As the procession continued, Sinong saw the three kings riding horses. He asked Basilio about the king of the Indios, who was said to be bound in a cave in San Mateo, waiting to be freed to defend the people against the civil guards.

After the procession passed, the civil guards noticed that the lantern on Sinong’s carriage was unlit. They scolded him again and imprisoned him. Basilio was left alone and decided to walk to Captain Tiago’s house.

While walking, Basilio observed that the houses had fewer decorations compared to the previous year. He passed by Captain Basilio’s house, where a celebration was taking place with Sinang, Simoun, the parish priest, and the alferez in attendance. Basilio noticed that Simoun was busy selling his jewelry, while the priest and the alferez were persuading Captain Basilio to purchase some.

When Basilio finally arrived at Captain Tiago’s house, he learned from the servants about what had happened in the countryside and the arrest of Kabesang Tales, the father of his fiancée, Juli.

Chapter 6: Basilio

In this chapter, Basilio is introduced as he leaves Captain Tiago’s house at dawn to visit his mother’s grave in the forest of the Ibarra estate. Reflecting on the past, he remembers the events from thirteen years ago when he was tasked to gather wood for the burial of his mother and a wounded man.

After those events, Basilio traveled to Manila, enduring hardships and hunger. By chance, Captain Tiago and Tiya Isabel’s carriage passed by him. Eventually, Captain Tiago took him in and sent him to study at Letran.

Although Basilio faced challenges during his first year at Letran due to his humble attire and ridicule from others, he persevered in his studies. When he once answered a Dominican teacher’s question with clarity, his classmates were impressed, and Basilio became sobresaliente or outstanding.

Encouraged by Captain Tiago, Basilio transferred to Ateneo Municipal, where he chose to study medicine. By his third year, he had already learned to treat patients and saved enough to buy good clothing. Basilio is now in his final year of medical studies and plans to marry Juli after completing his education.

Chapter 7: Simoun

While Basilio stood at his mother’s grave, he noticed a flickering light in the distance and heard footsteps and the rustling of leaves. As the noises grew closer, he identified the figure as Simoun, the jeweler and merchant who pretended to be an ally of the powerful, digging into the ground with a spade.

Simoun, startled, drew his gun but relaxed when he recognized Basilio. He then explained himself. During their conversation, Simoun revealed his true identity and his plans. He disclosed to Basilio that he was Ibarra, who had returned to the Philippines not to seek personal revenge but to overthrow the existing government system. Simoun explained that he had posed as a jeweler to get close to influential people and exploit their greed against them. By inciting unrest and spreading violence, Simoun hoped to awaken the masses and inspire them to revolt.

Simoun advised Basilio not to be fooled by campaigns for Hispanization or petitions for equal rights with the Spaniards. Instead, he urged Basilio to stay true to his language and culture, focusing on strengthening national identity to achieve genuine freedom in the future.

While Basilio was open to Simoun’s words, he expressed that he had no political ambitions and simply wished to serve the people as a doctor to alleviate their physical suffering. He told Simoun that his goals lay in science, and he disagreed with violent methods. Despite this, Simoun encouraged him to reconsider their fight against the system and his responsibility to the nation.

Though their views differed, Basilio bid farewell, and Simoun promised to help him if he ever changed his mind. When Simoun was alone, he questioned whether he had made a mistake in trusting Basilio and reflected on his sacrifices for the country. Resolute, he continued to pursue his dream of toppling the oppressive system at any cost, hoping for the arrival of a brighter future.

Chapter 8: Merry Christmas

The story begins with Juli waking up early, before sunrise. She thought the Virgin Mary had performed a miracle and that the sun would not rise, but when she stepped outside, she saw the sun still rising, the air cold, and the surroundings quiet. While preparing breakfast, she tried to stay calm, convincing herself that her absence would not be long and that she could often return home to visit.

As she packed her belongings into a tampipi (a woven basket), she noticed the locket she had received from a leper. Fearful of contracting the disease, she quickly cleaned her lips. Her grandfather, Tandang Selo, watched her closely, so she bid him farewell with a forced smile. She left the house seeming cheerful, but when she looked back at their home, sadness overwhelmed her. She sat down by the roadside and cried, feeling the weight of her decision and the sorrow of leaving.

Meanwhile, Tandang Selo remained somber as he watched people dressed in their finest clothes heading to church to celebrate Christmas. He realized he had no gifts to offer to visitors and felt hurt that Juli had not greeted him with “Merry Christmas.” When he tried to greet relatives, he discovered he could no longer speak—his voice was gone. This shocked the people around him, leading to cries of alarm and confusion.

Chapter 9: Pilates

This chapter narrates the events following Kabesang Tales’ abduction by bandits. News of his capture spread throughout the town, eliciting mixed reactions from the people—some felt sorrow, while others simply shrugged, believing they bore no responsibility for what had happened.

The lieutenant of the civil guards showed no concern, merely following orders to confiscate weapons and perform his duties. He organized expeditions to hunt down the bandits, bringing suspected individuals to town, but Kabesang Tales was not among them.

Padre Clemente, the friar administrator, avoided accountability and insisted he had no involvement in the incident. To him, he was merely performing his duty and bore no guilt for the presence of bandits. He argued that if Kabesang Tales had simply stayed home and not resisted, he would not have been captured. The priest dismissed the situation as divine punishment for those who opposed their authority.

Hermana Penchang, the devout woman whom Juli served, sighed and prayed upon hearing the news. She believed the incident was divine punishment for sinners. In her view, Juli was sinful for failing to properly learn prayers, so she made extra efforts to teach her prayers and lessons from religious books. Hermana Penchang did not allow Juli to return to the village to care for her grandfather, insisting she work to pay off a debt of 250 pesos.

When Hermana Penchang learned that Basilio planned to go to Manila to retrieve his savings and ransom Juli from servitude, she became even more fearful that Juli might stray further. Believing she was helping Juli, she made her repeatedly read the book Tandang Basio Macunat, which contained lessons against young people going to Manila to study.

While Kabesang Tales was imprisoned, the friars took the opportunity to transfer ownership of his fields to someone else, disregarding his dignity and honor.

When Kabesang Tales returned and discovered that his fields now belonged to others, his happiness disappeared. He saw the sacrifices made by his father and daughter but remained silent. He just sat next to his father, Tandang Selo, and barely spoke all day, just watching their dreams slowly crumble.

Chapter 10: Wealth and Want

Simoun arrived with his assistants, bringing two trunks full of jewelry. Since Kabesang Tales had the largest house in the area, located between San Diego and Tiani, Simoun decided to stay there for a day and a night.

At first, Kabesang Tales felt nervous because he couldn’t offer Simoun anything according to Filipino hospitality traditions. However, Simoun brought everything he needed himself. When Simoun asked Tales if his gun was enough to protect him from bandits, Tales didn’t give much of an answer.

People gathered to see Simoun’s jewelry. Kapitan Basilio and his family were there, along with Hermana Penchang, who wanted to buy a ring for the Virgin of Antipolo. Juli, Tales’ daughter, stayed at home, studying a book that Hermana Penchang had told her to memorize.

Simoun opened his trunks and showed off a variety of jewelry—necklaces, rings, and relics said to be from ancient times. Everyone admired the pieces, especially Kapitan Basilio and Sinang. Simoun displayed different precious stones, including diamonds of various colors, rubies, emeralds, and sapphires. Seeing these riches made Kabesang Tales feel deep sorrow and envy, as he was struggling in poverty.

Simoun revealed that his jewelry could influence people’s lives, either bringing them fortune or causing their demise. He even claimed he could release or detain someone’s life with just a small stone.

Noticing that Tales seemed interested but hesitant, Simoun asked if he had any jewelry to sell. When Sinang mentioned Maria Clara’s necklace, Tales searched for it. Simoun offered 500 pesos for the necklace, but Tales hesitated, saying he needed to ask his daughter Juli first.

Later, as Tales traveled, he saw the priest who managed his land along with the new tenant occupying it. The sight made him furious, and he decided to follow them. Tales did not return to Simoun that night. The next morning, Simoun found his gun missing and a note from Tales. In the note, Tales apologized for taking the gun, saying he needed it to join the bandits in exchange for the necklace Simoun wanted to buy.

The following day, news spread that three people had been killed that night: the priest, the new tenant, and the tenant’s wife. Their bodies were found with soil in their mouths. Near the woman’s body was a piece of paper with the word “Tales,” written with bloodied fingers.

Meanwhile, Tandang Selo, Tales’ father, was arrested by the civil guards because they couldn’t find Tales.

Chapter 11: Los Baños

The Governor-General and his companions spent a day in Los Baños after failing to catch any animals during a hunting trip in Boso-Boso. The group, which included priests, soldiers, and musicians, returned empty-handed, worrying local officials that the Governor-General might be upset. However, the Governor-General seemed pleased, as there was no risk of embarrassment if the hunting expedition had gone poorly.

In Los Baños, the Governor-General played cards with Padre Sibyla, Padre Irene, and Padre Camorra while discussing various topics. Their conversations ranged from personal remarks to government and educational issues. A key topic was the students’ petition to open a Spanish language academy, which became the center of debate.

Ben-Zayb, a writer and journalist who always sided with the powerful, was also present and actively joined the discussions. Despite his critical demeanor, he consistently supported the opinions of the priests and officials to maintain the government and church’s authority.

The petition sparked a heated argument. Padre Sibyla opposed the academy because he feared it would weaken the influence of the church. Meanwhile, Padre Irene and Padre Fernandez supported the petition. Simoun expressed his opinion that the true bandits were not in the mountains but within the government, and he suggested stricter control over the use of weapons in the country.

The discussion ended when the Governor-General decided to postpone the decision on the students’ petition. They also talked about Juli’s plea for help to free her grandfather, which led the Governor-General to order the old man’s release. This act was seen as a display of his superficial compassion.

Chapter 12: Placido Penitente

Placido Penitente struggles with his feelings as he attends the University of Santo Tomas. Not long after arriving in Manila from his hometown, he already wants to quit his studies because of boredom and frustration. Despite this, his mother continues to encourage him to finish his education so their sacrifices won’t go to waste.

In his hometown, Placido was known as one of the best students in Latin at the school run by Padre Valerio. However, despite his intelligence and reputation, he lost interest in his studies in Manila. He had no vices, such as gambling or romance, that could explain his lack of motivation, nor was he distracted by typical youthful troubles.

While walking to the university, Placido met his classmate Juanito Pelaez, a teacher’s favorite and a jokester. Juanito shared stories about his fun vacation with Padre Camorra, during which they drank and mingled with the young women of the town.

Juanito and Placido also discussed recent events in their classes. Juanito invited Placido to skip class and have fun instead, but Placido refused, remembering his mother’s sacrifices for his education.

Before entering the university, Placido was asked to contribute money for a monument to Padre Balthazar and to celebrate their professor’s feast day. Juanito led the fundraising, turning it into a joke to gain favor with the teachers.

When they reached the university, the students were busy waiting for their professors, gathered in groups, and exchanging ideas about their lessons. They also observed women entering the nearby church.

Paulita Gomez, Isagani’s love interest, arrived and caught the attention of the students. As the physics class began, the students went to their seats. Someone asked Placido to sign a petition against establishing a Spanish language academy, but he refused because he wanted to read the document first.

Placido arrived late to class and was marked absent. He remembered how important it was to introduce himself to his teacher to secure a chance at passing the exams. Despite his frustration, he entered the class noisily, drawing the professor’s disapproval.

Chapter 13: The Class in Physics

The Physics classroom was a long rectangular hall with wide windows and stone stairs with wooden steps. The students were seated in order of their last names. The room was simple, with no decorations except for a portrait of Saint Thomas Aquinas, and the physics equipment was kept in a cabinet.

Padre Millon, a Dominican priest and the young professor of the Physics class, was known for his philosophical background from the College of San Juan de Letran. His chair was located at the front of the room, near the door and under the portrait of Saint Thomas Aquinas. He first called on a sleepy student with hair that looked like a broom, and then he called on Juanito Pelaez. While answering, Juanito stepped on Placido’s foot, signaling him to whisper the answers.

Placido cried out in pain, which made Padre Millon angry. The priest scolded him, calling him names like “tailor spirit” and “busybody.” Placido became the focus of the priest’s frustration. Struggling to answer the questions, Placido was nicknamed “Placido the Dictator” by the teacher.

When Placido couldn’t provide an answer, the priest marked him down. Placido objected and tried to explain himself, but when he lost his patience, he threw his book, stood up, and left the class disrespectfully.

The entire class was shocked by Placido’s actions. Padre Millon cursed and lectured the students until the bell rang, signaling the end of class.

Chapter 14: In the House of the Students

Makaraig’s house was large and spacious, almost like a school in the mornings, but it turned into a noisy hangout for students by ten o’clock. The house buzzed with various activities: some students played games, others exercised, played musical instruments, wrote essays or letters to their girlfriends, and engaged in different pastimes.

In this house lived Makaraig, a wealthy law student, who hosted a gathering of prominent students like Isagani, Sandoval, Pecson, and Pelaez. They met to discuss their plans for establishing an academy for the Spanish language.

Isagani and Sandoval were optimistic about the academy’s success, but Pecson had doubts. They exchanged ideas and debated the best steps to take. Among the students, Sandoval stood out as a Spaniard who genuinely cared for and supported the Filipinos.

Makaraig shared good news: Padre Irene was backing their cause against those who opposed the academy. He added that they also needed the support of Don Custodio, a high-ranking school official. The group considered two possible intermediaries to persuade Don Custodio: Señor Pasta, a lawyer, and the dancer Pepay, who had a personal connection to Don Custodio.

In the end, they decided that Isagani would approach Señor Pasta first, to pursue a respectable and honorable way of seeking support. Only if this approach failed would they consider using Pepay or other means of influence.

Chapter 15: Señor Pasta

Isagani visited Señor Pasta, one of the smartest lawyers in Manila. Señor Pasta was often consulted by priests about their problems, so he had a lot of influence.

After waiting for a long time because of the many clients in Señor Pasta’s office, Isagani was finally let in. However, Señor Pasta did not immediately pay attention to him and continued writing. Once Señor Pasta finished, they began to talk. Isagani explained that the students were seeking Señor Pasta’s support regarding their petition for the teaching of the Spanish language. He clarified that they simply wanted guidance in case Don Custodio consulted Señor Pasta about the matter.

Even though Señor Pasta listened to Isagani, he showed no interest in getting involved. Instead, he tried to confuse Isagani by talking in circles about laws, rules, and decrees. Señor Pasta implied that it was risky for someone like him to meddle because he had many personal interests to protect. He claimed to love the country but said there were limits to how much he could involve himself.

Isagani argued that governments should listen to their people since citizens know their needs better than anyone. But despite his reasoning, Señor Pasta remained firm. He insisted that the government should be left alone to do its job without interference from outsiders.

In the end, Señor Pasta advised Isagani to stay out of public issues. He suggested that Isagani focus on personal success instead, recommending that he marry a wealthy, religious woman, practice medicine, and avoid involving himself in national matters.

After their conversation, Isagani left feeling disappointed by the lawyer’s views. Alone in his office, Señor Pasta reflected on his younger days when he had once wanted to serve his country. But he realized that such ideals were impractical and chose instead to prioritize his personal gain.

Señor Pasta ultimately held on to the idea that every country has its own rules and standards, and not all ideals can be turned into reality.

Chapter 16: The Tribulations of a Chinese

The story revolves around Quiroga, a Chinese businessman who dreams of establishing a consulate for his people in the Philippines. He hosts a grand banquet attended by numerous Spanish priests, government officials, soldiers, traders, and other clients and business partners. The party is lively, filled with noise, drinking, and cigarette smoke, and decorated in a Chinese style that reflects Quiroga’s culture and taste.

Quiroga moves around the rooms, making sure no one is stealing from his store. Even though he is busy, he continues to shake hands and greet his guests, aware that many of them are there only for the free food and drinks rather than for him.

One of the guests is Simoun, a mysterious jeweler with significant influence in the government. At dinner, Quiroga expressed his concern over the loss of three expensive bracelets he had given to a woman who was a friend of a powerful official, which had left him in great debt to Simoun.

When Simoun arrives, he demands that Quiroga pay a debt of nine thousand pesos. Quiroga explains that he has suffered financial losses and cannot pay the amount.

Simoun then offers a deal: he will reduce the debt by two thousand pesos if Quiroga agrees to store newly arrived weapons in his warehouse. Simoun assures him that there is nothing to fear because the weapons will soon be moved elsewhere, and an investigation will be staged. Quiroga would even profit from helping those who might be arrested. Fearing Simoun’s anger and the loss of his chance to establish a consulate, Quiroga reluctantly agrees.

Meanwhile, in another part of the banquet, other guests are busy discussing various government issues, business matters, and policies. A group of priests is discussing about a talking head displayed in a fair in Quiapo managed by a man named Mr. Leeds.

Chapter 17: The Quiapo Fair

This chapter describes the lively and colorful scene of a night at the Quiapo fair. The plaza is filled with people, illuminated by the light of the moon and lanterns that bring life and joy to the surroundings. People from various walks of life gather to enjoy the event, including government officials, soldiers, priests, students, Chinese merchants, young women, and their companions.

Amidst the festivities, Padre Camorra is delighted by the presence of beautiful women. He is accompanied by Ben-Zayb, who feels uneasy about Padre Camorra’s excessive excitement and is occasionally elbowed by him in amusement.

One of the women Padre Camorra notices is Paulita Gomez, who is with Isagani and Doña Victorina. Paulita looks stunning, like the moon itself, dressed in elegant clothing that evokes both envy and admiration. However, Isagani appears uncomfortable and annoyed by the curious stares of people directed at Paulita.

While walking around, Ben-Zayb and Padre Camorra notice a stall selling small wooden figurines that represent different members of society: priests, officials, students, and others. Among the figures is one that resembles Padre Camorra, and another represents the Philippine press as an old woman ironing clothes. They talk about the figurines, making jokes and occasional remarks about the artwork.

When they reach another stall selling wooden statues, they see one that resembles Simoun, depicted as a mulatto with mixed black and white features. They discuss the statue and note that Simoun is absent from the fair. Padre Camorra suggests that Simoun might be avoiding the fair to escape paying admission, while Ben-Zayb speculates that he might fear they would uncover the secret of his associate, Mr. Leeds.

Chapter 18: Legerdemain

This chapter tells the story of Mr. Leeds, an American magician, performing a mysterious act in front of prominent figures such as Ben-Zayb, Don Custodio, Padre Salvi, Padre Irene, and other guests. Mr. Leeds, who speaks fluent Spanish, invites the audience to inspect his tools before and after the performance but asks them to remain silent during the act.

Ben-Zayb, hoping to expose Mr. Leeds as a fraud, tries to discover the secret behind the magic. He carefully examines the table, expecting to find mirrors or optical illusions. Despite his efforts, he finds no such devices.

Mr. Leeds begins the show by presenting an old box he claims to have discovered in a pyramid in Egypt. The box supposedly contains ashes and pieces of papyrus with two magical words written on them. When he utters the words “Deremof,” the box opens, and a head with long hair and a frightening appearance emerges. The head introduces itself as Imuthis, a man from the time of the Pharaohs who died during the rule of Cambyses.

Imuthis recounts his tragic fate, explaining that he was accused of treason by priests and killed to silence what he knew. As the head tells its story, it seems to focus on Padre Salvi, as if accusing him of sin and evil. The more the head speaks, the more it seems to directly call out Padre Salvi, who becomes visibly disturbed.

When the head calls Padre Salvi a “murderer” and a “hypocrite,” he becomes terrified and faints, causing a commotion among the audience. After the performance, the attendees are asked to leave, and Don Custodio suggests banning the show, calling it “immoral.” In the end, Mr. Leeds disappears, leaving behind his secrets and tools, fleeing to Hong Kong before the government can stop his performances.

Chapter 19: The Fuse

Placido Penitente stormed out of his class, furious after being insulted and humiliated by his professor. He felt a strong desire for revenge after enduring repeated mistreatment. As he walked along the streets, he encountered Padre Sibyla and Don Custodio in a carriage and felt an urge to throw Padre Sibyla into the river. Later, in Escolta, he saw two Augustinian friars joking around and considered punching them but restrained himself.

When Placido arrived at the silversmith’s house where he lived, he found his mother, Kabesang Andang, who had just arrived from Batangas. He told her he planned to quit school, which deeply saddened and worried her. She reminded him of the sacrifices they made for his education and advised him to endure and remain humble despite their struggles, knowing the priests controlled the fate of students.

Placido, however, refused to listen to his mother’s pleas and wandered the streets of Manila again. Hungry and reluctant, he returned home but found his mother still waiting. She told him she planned to seek help from the Augustinian procurator to resolve his issues at the university. Placido strongly opposed this and left the house again without eating.

He went to the dock and saw a ship bound for Hong Kong. He thought about running away, becoming wealthy, and returning to prove to the priests that he could succeed without their help or oppression. While wandering around the fair, he saw Simoun talking to a foreigner. Placido approached Simoun and shared his frustrations and plans to leave for Hong Kong.

Simoun invited him to join his carriage. As they traveled, they saw Isagani and Paulita Gomez together. They proceeded to a hidden location where Placido met a man making gunpowder and planning a rebellion. Simoun instructed the man to coordinate with military officials and Kabesang Tales for the revolution. While some were hesitant, Simoun assured them they had enough allies to proceed with their plan.

After two hours of discussion, Placido left Simoun’s house feeling conflicted and uncertain about what he had heard. The next day, he listened more calmly to his mother’s advice. He agreed to her suggestion of seeking help from the Augustinian procurator and sent Kabesang Andang back to Batangas to prevent the priests from discovering she was in Manila.

Chapter 20: The Arbiter

This chapter focuses on the character and role of Don Custodio de Salazar y Sanchez de Monteredondo, also known as “Buena Tinta,” in the issue of establishing a Spanish language academy. Don Custodio is a prominent figure in Manila society, having risen to his position by marrying a wealthy mestiza and accepting various government roles. Despite his lack of knowledge and experience, he is often praised and called hardworking, active, and intelligent because of his high status and involvement in public affairs.

Don Custodio tries to find the right solution by consulting various people. He speaks with Señor Pasta, but their conversation leaves him even more confused due to conflicting advice. He also approaches Pepay, a dancer with whom he had a close relationship, but she only asks him for unrelated favors, such as money to bury her aunt.

While Don Custodio continues to ponder, the narrative reflects on his past. He once went to Spain for medical treatment but was largely ignored there due to his lack of education. Frustrated, he returned to the Philippines, boasting about his experiences in Madrid to appear knowledgeable and deserving of recognition. Although he claims to be liberal, he believes Filipinos are naturally submissive and should not aspire for more to maintain order.

After fifteen days of studying and deliberating on the students’ petition, Don Custodio struggles to make a decision. He wants to please everyone—the priests, officials, and his friends. Despite his doubts, he finally reaches a decision.

In the end, Don Custodio feels overjoyed, believing he has found a clever and beneficial solution for all. He enthusiastically begins writing his decision, though the exact nature of his resolution remains unclear.

Chapter 21: Manila Types

On the night of the performance of “Les Cloches de Corneville” at the Teatro de Variedades, the venue was packed, and tickets sold out quickly. Camaroncocido, a Spanish beggar living as if he didn’t care about anything, observed the scene alongside Tiyo Kiko, a short Filipino who sold announcements for shows. Camaroncocido remarked that the large profits from the performance would ultimately go to the priests due to their influence.

Opinions in Manila were divided about the show. Priests like Padre Salvi opposed it, calling it immoral and indecent. On the other hand, some defended the performance, including military officials and those eager to show off their knowledge of French. This controversy brought attention to figures such as the Captain General, Simoun, Quiroga, and the performers.

As Camaroncocido observed, he noticed people who seemed out of place in their clothing and demeanor, acting suspiciously. At one point, he saw them approach a carriage carrying Simoun and overheard them mention a signal involving “a single gunshot,” hinting at a serious plot happening behind the scenes of the performance.

Camaroncocido also overheard a conversation between two men, claiming the priests were more powerful than the Captain General and hinting that their actions were tied to a deeper plan. While Camaroncocido felt pity for what was happening in the country, he chose to stay uninvolved, remaining indifferent.

Outside the theater, Tadeo was bragging to a newcomer, pretending to know prominent people in the crowd and boasting about his connections. Doña Victorina, Paulita Gomez, Juanito Pelaez, and other notable figures, including Padre Irene and Don Custodio, also arrived at the event.

When Makaraig, Pecson, Sandoval, and Isagani arrived, they offered Tadeo and his companion extra tickets since they had spares. Tadeo eagerly accepted, but his companion hesitated and stayed behind, worried about being a bother.

Chapter 22: The Performance

Despite the delay in the performance, the theater remained full as the audience waited for the arrival of the Captain General. He was the last to arrive, sitting in the box with the red curtains, signaling the start of the show. Before his arrival, there had been a commotion when a man refused to give up Don Primitivo’s seat, providing some entertainment for the restless crowd.

Pepay, the dancer, was also present in a box arranged by Makaraig to influence Don Custodio into approving the students’ petition for the Spanish language academy. Don Manuel was also there, constantly mocked Don Custodio for attending the play, which he had previously condemned.

While the audience enjoyed the performance, students like Makaraig, Sandoval, and Pecson were optimistic about Don Custodio’s decision, expecting it to favor their petition. However, Isagani was filled with sadness and anger when he saw Paulita Gomez in a box with Juanito Pelaez. Distracted by his emotions, he paid little attention to the play.

On stage, Gertrude and Serpolette sang and entertained the audience, including Padre Irene, who was there to observe the show on Padre Salvi’s orders. Serpolette recognized Padre Irene as a former acquaintance from Europe, adding a playful dynamic to the performance.

A woman arrived, boasting about being late, but she became angry when she saw an empty box. People booed her, and she called them “idiots,” which further aggravated the chaos.

Meanwhile, Ben Zayb, the critic, continued to ridicule the performance, dismissing the actors as talentless and claiming the show lacked artistic value. Some men in the audience eagerly awaited the cancan dance, only to be disappointed when it was not performed.

The audience also noticed Simoun’s empty box, sparking rumors. Some said he had been seen with Mr. Jouay and had given a necklace to one of the performers. His absence led to speculation that he was preoccupied with other plans to influence people.

The students discussed Don Custodio’s decision regarding their petition. Although their request was approved, the academy would be managed by a religious order, likely the Dominicans of the University of Santo Tomas. Instead of celebrating, the students were deeply disappointed and decided to gather at a local eatery, where their frustration turned into sarcasm and mockery of their failure.

Chapter 23: A Corpse

Simoun and Basilio did not attend the theater. Around seven in the evening, Simoun left his house twice and returned with different people. At eight o’clock, Makaraig saw him near the convent of Santa Clara as the church bells tolled to announce a death. At nine, Camaroncocido spotted him outside the theater with a student to whom he had given a ticket before disappearing into the darkness.

Basilio, meanwhile, stayed home, busy studying and caring for Captain Tiago, whose condition worsened due to his heavy use of opium. Despite being mistreated and insulted by the sick man, Basilio endured everything out of gratitude and love for his fiancée, Juli. Both Simoun and Padre Irene encouraged Basilio to continue caring for Captain Tiago.

Later that night, Simoun visited Basilio at Tiago’s house. He inquired about Tiago’s condition, and Basilio explained that his health was failing due to the poison spreading through his body. Simoun compared Tiago’s poisoned state to the Philippines, saying the country was also full of poison and at risk of collapse.

Simoun again urged Basilio to join the rebellion against the Spaniards, declaring that anyone who didn’t help would be treated as an enemy. He also proposed rescuing Maria Clara from the Santa Clara convent during the chaos, but Basilio informed him it was too late—Maria Clara had died earlier that day.

Simoun refused to accept the news, denying it repeatedly. Basilio explained that he had learned about her death through a letter from Padre Salvi to Padre Irene. Upon hearing of his daughter’s death, Captain Tiago had turned even more heavily to opium in his grief.

When Simoun confirmed Maria Clara’s death, he was devastated. He left the room in a state of anger and despair, his cries of anguish audible as he departed. Basilio, deeply affected by the encounter, lost his motivation to continue his studies and reflected on the tragic fates of Simoun and Maria Clara, both consumed by broken dreams and unfulfilled hopes.

Chapter 24: Dreams

Isagani walked along the Malecon de Manila, feeling sad and thinking about his relationship with Paulita. He was worried about what might happen after the events of the previous night, where he had seen her with Juanito Pelaez at the theater. Carrying two treasured letters she had written to him, Isagani prepared himself for the worst, remembering the happy moments they once shared, such as moonlit walks and whispered conversations after church. However, everything around him now felt gloomy and lifeless.

As he walked, he overheard Ben-Zayb talking near the Anda monument about Simoun, who had fallen seriously ill and was refusing visitors, even high-ranking officials. Hearing this, Isagani felt bitter, noting how Simoun’s wealth earned him special treatment, while wounded soldiers were ignored. He reflected on the sacrifices made by those defending their homeland, finding their struggle far more honorable and meaningful than his current sadness. This reflection led him to dream of a heroic death for his country, which he considered a noble way to live and die.

Suddenly, Paulita arrived in a carriage with Doña Victorina and her friend. When Paulita smiled warmly at him, Isagani’s worries vanished. Paulita explained that she had only gone to the theater because her aunt insisted, reassuring him that she had no interest in Juanito Pelaez. She even joked about her aunt wanting to marry Juanito, which amused them both. Despite having the opportunity to criticize Juanito, Isagani chose to speak kindly of him, concealing his true feelings out of respect.

Doña Victorina, obsessed with finding her missing husband, Don Tiburcio, soon gave Isagani and Paulita some privacy. The two talked about their dreams for the future. Isagani spoke with pride about his seaside hometown, describing its beauty and the freedom he felt there. However, he admitted that since meeting Paulita, the place felt incomplete without her. Paulita, used to city life, disliked the idea of living in a rural area, especially after hearing about the leeches in the mountains. Instead, she dreamed of luxurious train travel, though such a thing seemed impossible at the time.

Isagani shared his vision of a prosperous future for the Philippines. He imagined the islands connected by railroads, bustling with factories and modern cities, and governed by justice and equality. He dreamed of a united and free country where Spaniards and Filipinos worked together for the common good. Paulita, however, doubted these lofty dreams, calling them unrealistic. Her skepticism hurt Isagani, but he resolved that even if their plans failed, he would find meaning in sacrificing his life for the nation. He hoped Paulita would take pride in his efforts, even if his sacrifice was the only outcome.

Their conversation was cut short when Doña Victorina called Paulita back to the carriage. Isagani joined them and sat beside Paulita, feeling overjoyed to be so close to her. As the carriage traveled through the city, he saw and heard nothing else, completely absorbed in the moment and cherishing her presence.

Chapter 25: Smiles and Tears

The students held a feast at Panciteria Macanista de Buen Gusto to celebrate what they called a “victory”—a recommendation by Padre Irene regarding the teaching of the Spanish language. Fourteen students attended, including Sandoval, Makaraig, Pecson, Tadeo, and Isagani. Despite the laughter and jokes, their frustrations and disappointments with the system were evident because the government often failed to meet their expectations and fulfill their hopes.

Isagani arrived full of cheer, but Juanito Pelaez was noticeably absent. Tadeo commented that it would have been better to invite Basilio instead of Juanito because they might have been able to get him drunk and extract secrets about the missing child and a nun.

The students dedicated different dishes to notable figures: the pansit lang-lang to Don Custodio, the lumpiang Inchik to Padre Irene, and the torta to the priests. While the mood was festive, there were some objections, such as Isagani disagreeing with comparing the priests to crabs. Tadeo supported Isagani’s sentiment.

Tadeo and Pecson gave speeches filled with humorous criticism of the priests and the government. Pecson noted how the priests meddle in people’s lives from birth to death. Makaraig, on the other hand, dedicated the pansit gisado to the government and the country, symbolizing how Filipinos were being exploited, similar to how the Chinese profited from their land.

Amidst the joking, it became clear that their remarks carried a serious message about their disappointment with the system and the government. They noticed someone watching and spying on them from outside, which angered Makaraig and the others. They discovered it was a servant of Padre Sibyla, the vice-rector of the university, who later climbed into Simoun’s carriage.

The feast ended with laughter and joking, but the students carried a mix of fear and frustration about their future under the control of the priests and the government.

Chapter 26: Pasquinades

Basilio woke up early to visit his patients at the hospital and handle matters related to his graduation at the university. He also planned to speak with Makaraig to borrow money since he had spent his savings on rescuing Juli and providing shelter for his family. As he walked, he didn’t notice that the students around him were acting strangely—whispering and looking scared.

At San Juan de Dios Hospital, he ran into a professor who was close to him. The professor asked if he had attended a dinner the night before. Realizing that something serious had happened, the professor advised Basilio to go home immediately and destroy any documents that could incriminate him. When Basilio asked if Simoun was involved, the professor said Simoun wasn’t because he was injured and confined at home. The trouble involved only students.

At the university, Basilio learned that posters containing rebellious messages and threats had been found. The students said that many members of their association would likely be punished or even arrested. Despite feeling nervous, Basilio decided to go to the university to figure out what he should do.

He saw Isagani arguing with his classmates, who seemed frightened by the situation. Isagani urged them to face the issue bravely and not back down. He said it didn’t matter who wrote the posters; what was important was standing firm in their beliefs.

Eventually, Basilio decided to leave and visit Makaraig to address his financial needs. However, when he arrived at Makaraig’s house, guards arrested him because his name was on a list of students suspected to be involved with the posters. Makaraig was also arrested, and they were both taken to the Civil Government Office. On the way there, Basilio explained to Makaraig why he had come. Makaraig promised to help him with his needs and joked about inviting the guards to their future graduation celebration.

Chapter 27: The Friar and the Filipino

Padre Fernandez and Isagani had an important conversation that led to a heated exchange of ideas. Padre Fernandez admired Isagani’s courage and conviction but was also concerned about the complaints Isagani raised about the priests, especially the Dominican educators.

Isagani was honest about his thoughts and openly said that priests, who should be guardians of education, were instead holding back knowledge to keep Filipinos submissive. He criticized the priests for preventing intellectual freedom, which he believed was done to stop people from questioning their authority and actions.

He stated that freedom, knowledge, and justice must go together and that the priests had failed in their duty to provide proper education. For Isagani, the priests’ continued oppression of Filipinos was turning society into hypocrites and stripping people of their dignity.

In response, Padre Fernandez explained that education should only be given to those who deserve it. However, Isagani argued that the priests themselves had shaped the current state of Filipino youth. He pointed out that a nation kept in chains becomes full of pretenders and produces more slaves, which was happening in their society.

In the end, Padre Fernandez acknowledged his defeat in the debate against a Filipino student who was more courageous and upright. The priest admitted that even he faced a dilemma between their duty and the government, which they often use as an excuse for their shortcomings. Isagani concluded the debate by exhorting priests to stop hiding behind the government and face their responsibility to the people.

Chapter 28: Fear

News spread in the newspaper El Grito about Ben-Zayb’s prediction that education could cause unrest in the Philippines. According to Ben-Zayb, education was harmful and dangerous for the country, and recent events seemed to prove his point. This caused alarm among the people, especially the Chinese, the priests, and the Governor-General. The priests, who often visited Quiroga’s store, stopped coming, which made the Chinese merchant panic.

Fearing the chaos might escalate, Quiroga went to Simoun’s house to ask if he should use the weapons stored in his warehouse, as advised by the jeweler. However, Simoun refused to see anyone and said to let things be. Don Custodio also did not meet with Quiroga, as he was busy preparing plans in case of an attack. When Quiroga went to see Ben-Zayb, he found him armed with guns, which frightened him even more. Quiroga hurried home and pretended to be sick out of fear.

Rumors spread that students and bandits from San Mateo were planning to join forces to start a rebellion. There were also claims that German ships were stationed nearby to support the uprising. Discussions about the students’ supposed plans scared many people, and some suggested using the opportunity to take harsh measures, like arresting and shooting suspected rebels.

Despite precautions, incidents of violence and panic still occurred. A soldier mistakenly attacked children playing and grabbing coins outside a church, leading to greater fear and people fleeing in panic. In another area, a policeman was shot, and others died due to false alarms about enemies.

There were many opinions about who was behind the controversial posters. Some believed it was Padre Salvi or Quiroga, trying to cover up other schemes. Towards the end of the chapter, Ben-Zayb found the body of a native woman in Luneta while walking. However, he chose not to report it in his newspaper.

Chapter 29: The Final Tribute to Captain Tiago

This chapter describes the lavish funeral of Captain Tiago. Padre Irene was appointed as the executor of Captain Tiago’s will. Most of Captain Tiago’s wealth was donated to Santa Clara, the Pope, the Archbishop, and various religious orders. Only twenty pesos were allocated for the tuition of poor students, an idea proposed by Padre Irene as a defender of young scholars. Although Captain Tiago removed Basilio from his will for supposedly being ungrateful, Padre Irene promised to personally restore the inheritance using his own money.

There was a debate about what Captain Tiago should wear for his burial. Captain Tinong suggested a Franciscan robe to protect him from hellfire, but in the end, Padre Irene decided on one of Captain Tiago’s old outfits, saying God does not care about appearances.

Stories spread that Captain Tiago’s soul appeared to the nuns, wearing his favorite frock coat, carrying a rooster, chewing betel nut, and smoking opium. Gamblers joked about whether Captain Tiago would hold cockfights in heaven with Saint Peter and what the outcomes might be.

During the funeral, three priests officiated the mass, and special ceremonies made the event even grander. Incense was burned, holy water was sprinkled on the coffin, and Padre Irene sang Dies Irae from the choir.

Many admired the extravagant funeral, including Doña Patrocinio, who had been Captain Tiago’s rival in religious devotion. She envied the grand display and even wished to die soon so she could have a funeral that surpassed his.

Captain Tiago’s death became an opportunity to showcase his status and popularity, causing jealousy among those who wished for an even more luxurious burial for themselves.

Chapter 30: Juli

The sadness in San Diego continued after the death of Captain Tiago and the imprisonment of Basilio, but the people were even more heartbroken over what happened to Basilio. In the town of Tiani, Juli was deeply affected when she learned of her beloved’s imprisonment. She couldn’t accept that no one was defending Basilio, especially since his only protector, Captain Tiago, had already passed away.

Juli thought that she had to find a way to save Basilio. She tried to seek advice from Hermana Bali and other officials, but they could do nothing because Basilio was in Manila. In the end, the Judge suggested that only Padre Camorra could help free Basilio.

Juli hesitated to approach Padre Camorra out of fear and anxiety, especially since the priest was known for his abusive behavior. Despite her reluctance, Hermana Bali continued to convince Juli to humble herself and ask for the priest’s help, as it was Basilio’s last hope.

After several days of hesitation, Juli went with Hermana Bali to the convent. Juli was filled with dread and fear, but in the end, she was forced to enter the convent due to the taunts and pressure from the people around her.

Unfortunately, what Juli feared most happened—she was abused by Padre Camorra. That night, it was reported that Juli jumped from the convent window, leading to her immediate death. The incident shocked and saddened the entire town.

Tandang Selo, Juli’s grandfather, was deeply hurt and raged in front of the convent, but no one listened to his cries. In his grief and sense of injustice, he quietly left the town and never returned, carrying the heavy burden of losing his granddaughter.

Chapter 31: The High Official

Despite the tragedy that Juli experienced, it was never mentioned in the newspapers. Instead, the news focused on events in Europe and praises for the General, highlighting his so-called kindness. Most of the students, including Makaraig and Isagani, were already released from prison, but Basilio remained behind bars, accused of owning prohibited books.

The High Official attempted to defend Basilio, mentioning that he was a good student and was close to finishing his medical studies. However, a disagreement arose between him and the Governor-General. According to the Governor-General, Basilio needed to remain in prison to serve as an example and maintain the government’s authority. For the Governor-General, it was important to maintain fear and discipline through punishment, even without sufficient reason.

The High Official tried to express his fear that the people might revolt if their rights continued to be trampled upon and put at risk. However, the Governor-General declared that he did not care about the Filipinos because it was not they who gave him power, but Spain. For the Governor-General, the power and prestige of the government were more important than the welfare of the Filipinos.

The argument continued until it reached the point where the High Official expressed his disappointment. He pointed out that, as a Spaniard, honor and morality were more important than power or national interest. He emphasized that Spain should treat the Filipinos with justice, as this was what the kings of Spain had promised. He also warned that if the oppression of the Filipinos continued, there would be an uprising, and they would gain the sympathy of honorable and justice-loving people.

At the end of their argument, it was clear that the two did not agree. The High Official, though he expressed his concern for the Filipinos, ended up speaking with deep sadness and disappointment. He left the palace, immediately resigned from his position, and decided to return to Spain.

Chapter 32: Effect of the Pasquinades

Because of what happened, many parents decided to stop sending their children to school. Instead, they encouraged them to work or just take a break. At the university, many students were suspended or failed their exams. Only a few passed, especially those who were part of a well-known student organization.

Pecson, Tadeo, and Juanito Pelaez were suspended. Pecson decided to work in the courts. Tadeo, delighted, celebrated by burning his books, as he saw it as the fulfillment of his dream of an endless vacation. Juanito Pelaez was forced to work in his father’s store but eventually learned to like it.

Makaraig, who was wealthy, quickly left for Europe to avoid the trouble. Despite everything, Isagani and Sandoval managed to pass their exams—Isagani only in the class of Padre Fernandez, as he was suspended in his other classes, while Sandoval used his skill in public speaking to impress the examiners.

Basilio was the most unfortunate, as he remained in Bilibid Prison, undergoing repeated interrogations. While in prison, he learned from Sinong, the carriage driver who visited him, about Juli’s death and Tandang Selo’s disappearance.

Meanwhile, Simoun recovered from his illness but became more reclusive and mysterious. There were rumors that he would host a grand farewell banquet to thank people for his recovery and to say goodbye before leaving the country. He frequently visited the store of Don Timoteo Pelaez, and people speculated that they had become business partners. It was also rumored that Juanito Pelaez would marry Paulita Gomez, and many eagerly anticipated the grand wedding.

All of Manila became preoccupied with the upcoming wedding of Juanito and Paulita. There was even a competition among people to secure an invitation to the lavish celebration, which Don Timoteo proudly announced and was believed to have been organized by Simoun. Many businessmen tried to befriend Don Timoteo and Simoun in hopes of being invited.

The wedding reflected Paulita’s decision to choose a life of luxury and security over a future with Isagani, who no longer seemed appealing to her because of his preference for heroism over a stable and comfortable life.

Chapter 33: La Ultima Razon

In this chapter, Simoun is preparing to leave with the Captain-General, who wants to leave quickly due to fear of being persecuted or facing revenge from people they had wronged. Many rumors surrounded Simoun—some believed he wouldn’t dare stay behind because he feared the new General, known for being fair. Others thought he couldn’t separate from the Captain-General due to their schemes together.

Simoun called for Basilio and then locked himself in his room, instructing that only Basilio would be allowed to enter. When Basilio arrived, Simoun noticed how much the young man had changed. He was thin, untidy, and seemed like a completely different person. Basilio expressed his deep regret for being a bad son and brother, saying he had failed to avenge what happened to his family. Now, he was ready to join Simoun’s revolutionary plan—a complete reversal from his previous rejection of rebellion.

Simoun was pleased with Basilio’s decision and admitted that it gave him renewed strength to push through with his plan. Simoun shared that he had lost hope many times and doubted his mission, but now nothing could stop him. He showed Basilio a bomb shaped like a pomegranate that contained nitroglycerin. He explained how it would be used during a banquet: when lit and adjusted to control the brightness, it would explode, destroying the place and igniting hidden gunpowder stored in the ceiling and floor.

Simoun told Basilio that he wouldn’t need to assist with the explosion but would have another important mission. After the explosion, the uprising would begin, led by Simoun and Cabesang Tales. Basilio’s task would be to lead the unarmed citizens in seizing the weapons stored in Quiroga’s warehouses. Basilio would also need to take control of the bridges and set up barricades to support the revolution.

Simoun declared his unwavering determination: anyone unwilling to fight would be considered an enemy, and there was no place for cowards. He believed violent change was necessary to build a new society, and bloodshed and death were sacrifices that had to be made. Despite some hesitation, Basilio decided to follow Simoun’s plan, driven by anger and resentment.

Chapter 34: The Wedding

The story begins with Basilio walking along the street, wondering how to spend his time before the terrible event he was anticipating. It was only seven in the evening, and he had nowhere to stay since it was vacation time, and most students had gone back to their hometowns. Isagani was the only student left in Manila, but he was also nowhere to be found, and no one knew where he was. Basilio had no money, carried nothing but a revolver, and his mind was filled with thoughts of the disaster that Simoun’s lamp would bring.

As he walked, Basilio imagined the people ahead of him as if they had no heads. He, hungry and penniless, pictured himself as a feared figure that night, transforming from a poor student and servant into a powerful person who dictated laws while standing atop pyramids of corpses. He smiled at the thought and touched his revolver.

Suddenly, he wondered where the tragedy would begin. He hadn’t asked Simoun, but Simoun had warned him to stay away from Calle Anloague. He recalled that when he went to Captain Tiago’s house after being released from prison, he saw preparations there for Juanito Pelaez’s wedding. He noticed carriages passing by, full of people, and in one carriage, he saw Juanito with Paulita Gomez, dressed in her white wedding gown.

Basilio was shocked and remembered Isagani. He thought about how kind and generous his friend was. He considered warning Isagani about Simoun’s plan but realized Isagani would never take part in such violence.

As he pondered his fate, Basilio saw Simoun carrying the lamp, wrapped and riding in a carriage headed to Calle Anloague. He recognized the driver, Sinong, who had once taken him to San Diego. Basilio realized that everything would happen there, so he headed to Calle Anloague.

When Basilio arrived at Captain Tiago’s house, he saw it filled with guests, lights, and lavish decorations. Don Timoteo Pelaez, Juanito’s father, was hosting a grand celebration for his son’s wedding to the wealthy Paulita Gomez. He had renovated the house, replacing all of Captain Tiago’s old belongings with expensive furniture that seemed to come from Europe.

The wedding was a grand display of success for Don Timoteo. He believed the lamp Simoun gave was just a luxurious gift, unaware that it would cause a terrible disaster. While everyone was busy celebrating, Basilio secretly watched, knowing that the tragedy caused by Simoun’s lamp was imminent.

Chapter 35: The Fiesta

At seven in the evening, guests began arriving at Captain Tiago’s house for the grand banquet celebrating the newlyweds. From ordinary people to high-ranking officials, Don Timoteo warmly welcomed everyone. Among the attendees were the newlyweds, Doña Victorina, and the priests Padre Salvi and Padre Irene. However, the General had not yet arrived.

Inside the house, there was some chatter and mild tension regarding the wall decorations and the wait for the General. When the General finally arrived, Don Timoteo’s worries disappeared.

Outside the house, Basilio was watching the guests arrive. He was anxious about what might happen and thought of warning the people inside. But when he saw Padre Salvi and Padre Irene, he changed his mind.

Basilio also saw Simoun carrying the lamp, which seemed suspicious. He sensed hesitation in Simoun’s demeanor as he headed to the banquet. After briefly speaking with the General and other guests, Simoun disappeared from Basilio’s view.

Basilio wanted to save the people inside but was stopped by the guards because of his appearance. Simoun gave orders for the guards to leave for Escolta and hurry. As Basilio was leaving, he saw Isagani and urged him to get away. He explained the danger of the lamp and pulled Isagani with him.

Inside the house, the guests noticed a piece of paper with the words “MANE THACEL PHARES” and the signature of Juan Crisostomo Ibarra. Everyone was shocked, especially Padre Salvi. The Captain General wanted to call the guards, but there were none he recognized, only unfamiliar servants. He ordered everyone to continue eating and ignore the prank.

Don Custodio interpreted the note, saying it meant they would all be killed that night. Fear gripped the guests, and someone suggested their food might be poisoned. Suddenly, a shadowy figure grabbed the lamp, threw it into the river, and then jumped in after it.

Chapter 36: Ben-Zayb’s Afflictions

After the chaos at Don Timoteo’s house, Ben-Zayb rushed home to write an article. He portrayed the Captain General and the priests, especially Padre Irene, as heroes. He described Padre Irene’s act of hiding under the table as an act of bravery and claimed Padre Salvi fainted out of sorrow for the Filipinos’ rejection of his teachings. Ben-Zayb also praised Don Custodio’s wisdom and painted the guests as strong and courageous heroes.

However, the newspaper rejected his article because the Captain General strictly ordered that the incident not be mentioned to avoid embarrassing the government. Ben-Zayb was deeply disappointed, as he had worked hard on the article, hoping it would bring honor to his profession and the government, but his efforts went to waste.

Meanwhile, news spread about a robbery at a priests’ rest house in Pasig. Reports said three bandits stole nearly two thousand pesos and injured a priest and two servants. Ben-Zayb planned to exaggerate the story, making the priest a hero who fought the thieves with a chair. But when he arrived at the scene, he found that Padre Camorra had only minor injuries—a scratch on his hand and a bruise on his head from falling to the floor. It turned out that only three or four bandits were involved, and they stole just fifty pesos.

Dissatisfied, Ben-Zayb still wanted to sensationalize the incident to use his prepared article. However, a bigger story emerged: several bandits were captured and revealed plans to attack convents and wealthy homes. They claimed the plans were led by Matanglawin, or Cabesang Tales, and further linked Simoun, the jeweler, as their leader and a close ally of the Captain General. Ammunition and gunpowder were found in Simoun’s house, and rumors of his potential plans against the government quickly spread.

Chapter 37: The Mystery

Despite efforts to keep things quiet, news about the events on the night of the banquet spread quickly. At the house of Kapitana Loleng and Kapitan Toringoy Orenda in Santa Cruz, the conversation revolved around what Chichoy, a thin silversmith, had discovered. He said there were sacks of gunpowder hidden beneath the pavilion used for Don Timoteo’s banquet. They were found under the tables, floors, roof, and behind the chairs. According to Señor Pasta, the culprit might be one of Don Timoteo’s enemies or a rival of Juanito.

Kapitana Loleng warned Isagani to hide to avoid being accused, but he just smiled and stayed quiet. The investigation was led by Don Timoteo and his friend Simoun, who ordered unnecessary people to leave the area.

As the discussion continued, the people shared different suspicions. Some thought the priests, Quiroga, the students, or Makaraig might be responsible. However, Chichoy revealed that a government informant claimed Simoun was the mastermind behind the plan. Everyone was shocked, especially upon learning that Simoun had left the venue before dinner started.

The group also speculated about Simoun’s mysterious wealth and power. Binday, one of Kapitan Toringoy’s children, recalled seeing a blue flame at Simoun’s house, which some believed was a sign that he was a demon.

Eventually, it was mentioned that the chaos at the banquet was caused by someone who stole the lamp filled with gunpowder, a gift from Simoun. The aftermath revealed that Simoun had planned to detonate the lamp and cause massive destruction.

It remained a mystery who stopped the plan, but everyone realized how close they came to a tragedy that could have killed many people. Isagani, who quietly listened throughout the conversation, seemed to know something about what happened but chose to stay silent.

At the end of the chapter, Isagani left the Orenda house and returned to his uncle.

Chapter 38: Fatality

To hide the government’s weakness, suspected bandits were arrested. Six or seven farmers were captured by the civil guards after a series of attacks by Matanglawin in different provinces. The prisoners were forced to walk under the scorching sun, their hands tied, barely clothed, and barefoot. The civil guards, who were also Filipinos, made them suffer under the intense heat. If anyone slowed down or fell, they were beaten with tree branches.

The leader of the civil guards, Mautang, was ruthless in his cruelty toward the prisoners, hurting them to force them to confess to being bandits. During their journey, a soldier named Carolino disagreed with the guards’ brutality. He confronted Mautang, but Mautang simply replied that since they were all Filipinos, there was no problem in hurting them.

Suddenly, bandits attacked the group from the mountains, leading to an exchange of gunfire. Mautang was shot and killed, and several soldiers were wounded, including their leader. Fearing defeat, the leader ordered the prisoners to be shot so no one would escape. The prisoners begged for mercy, but they could do nothing but accept their fate.

As the fighting continued, a man appeared on top of a rock, waving his gun. The leader ordered Carolino to shoot the man. Though hesitant, Carolino was forced to fire, and the man fell from the rock. When they climbed the mountain, they found the old man lying there—it was none other than Tandang Selo, Carolino’s grandfather.

As he lay dying, Tandang Selo looked at Carolino with deep sadness and sorrow. With a trembling hand, he pointed toward the back of the plateau, as if giving Carolino a final warning. Carolino couldn’t believe that he had shot his own grandfather, Tandang Selo, who now died before his eyes.

Chapter 39: Conclusion

Simoun, wounded and hiding from the authorities, was staying at Padre Florentino’s house. One day, Padre Florentino received a telegram from the lieutenant of the civil guards, warning that there was an order to arrest a Spaniard hiding in his house, dead or alive. Thinking it was Don Tiburcio, Donya Victorina’s husband, who was being referred to, Don Tiburcio left the house to escape the authorities. However, it was actually Simoun they were looking for.

Padre Florentino welcomed Simoun into his home without hesitation, even though he didn’t fully understand the jeweler’s situation. He showed Simoun kindness and cared for him, but Simoun refused to be treated by any doctor other than Don Tiburcio. As Padre Florentino tended to him, he began to reflect on how Simoun’s life had changed and wondered why Simoun had chosen to hide there, especially since Simoun had once looked down on him.

Facing his dire situation, Simoun decided to take poison to avoid being captured by the authorities. As death approached, Simoun revealed his true identity to Padre Florentino as Crisostomo Ibarra and shared his story of returning to the Philippines after thirteen years of absence. He recounted his dreams, his desire for revenge against those who ruined his life, and his plans to start a revolution to free the country. He asked the priest if what he had done was right and why God had not helped him in his mission.

Padre Florentino told Simoun that God does not support a cause filled with evil and violence. According to the priest, true freedom is achieved through goodness, love, and sacrifice, not through revenge and deceit. Instead of evil, noble and righteous actions are needed to attain the country’s freedom. Simoun accepted his mistakes and died with peace in his heart.

After Simoun’s death, Padre Florentino prayed for his soul. He took the box of jewels and treasures Simoun had left behind and threw it into the sea from a cliff. By throwing away the treasures, Padre Florentino symbolized the rejection of greed and the hope that in the future, when the time is right, such wealth would be used for a just and holy purpose.

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